What is the difference between a bearing and a bushing?

The difference between a bearing and a bushing can be understood as follows:

Bearing:
A bearing is a mechanical component that facilitates movement between two parts while reducing friction.
It typically has two surfaces that roll over each other, enabling two mating components to move smoothly.
Bearings are broadly divided into radial bearings, thrust bearings, and linear bearings, depending on whether they work with rotational or linear movements.

Bushing:
A bushing is a specific type of bearing used for certain applications.
It is often a cylindrical lining or sleeve that fits between two parts to reduce friction and wear.
Bushings can be made of various materials, including metals, plastics, and rubber, depending on the application and the required properties.
Structural Characteristics

Bearing:
Bearings come in various designs, such as ball bearings and roller bearings.
Ball bearings use spheres (often steel balls but sometimes ceramics) fitted between an inner ring and an outer ring.
Roller bearings are cylindrical or tapered in shape and are fitted between inner and outer races.

Bushing:
Bushings are typically cylindrical and may have a smooth inner surface to reduce friction.
They can be solid or split and may have flanges or other features to facilitate installation and retention.

Application Scenarios
Bearing:
Bearings are widely used in machinery and equipment to support rotating or linearly moving parts.
They are found in applications such as automotive engines, gearboxes, electric motors, and pumps.
Bushing:
Bushings are often used in applications where a sliding motion is required, such as in piston engines, valves, and hinges.
They are also used in electrical equipment as insulating liners in openings through which conductors pass.